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Dawn of a new era1/14/2023 ![]() Avelumab is being tested in the PREVERT phase II study exploring ICI with radiotherapy (60-66 Gy) of the whole bladder. Preliminary data in the phase II SWOG S1605 trial with atezolizumab showed a 41.1% complete response at 3 months. Pembrolizumab demonstrated a promising 40.6% (95% CI: 30.7-51.1) complete response within the KEYNOTE-057, with a median duration of response of 16.2 months. The US National Library of Medicine was queried via to explore ongoing trials on the subject. Congress abstracts reporting results and not only trials' design were also referenced. Three search engines: PubMed, Embase and Web of Science were queried up to November 1, 2020. We report current available data and ongoing trials exploring the efficacy and safety of ICI in this setting.Ī narrative search was performed including the combination of the following words: ("immunotherapy") AND ("BCG" AND "resistant" OR "non-muscle AND invasive") AND ("bladder AND "cancer"). ![]() Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) are currently being tested for BCG-resistant NMIBC. To date, with the exception of radical surgery, there are no validated strategies for patients not responding to intravesical BCG therapy. High risk non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) is a recurring and potentially lethal disease.
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